pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes
(IN suh lin AH spart)
NovoLog
What is the most important information I should know about insulin aspart?
• Know the signs and symptoms of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), whichinclude headache, drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, fast heartbeat, sweating,tremor, and nausea pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Carry a piece of candy or glucose tablets with you to treatepisodes of low blood sugar pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Follow any diet and exercise plan that you have developed with your doctoror nurse pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Changes in what you eat or how much you exercise can change the amountof insulin that you need to control blood sugar levels pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Ask your doctor or nurse what to do if you are sick with a cold, flu,or fever pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. These illnesses may change your insulin requirements pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Insulin aspart differs from regular human insulin by how quickly it beginsto work and the amount of time it continues to be effective pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Because insulinaspart begins to work soon after it is injected, the injection of insulin aspartshould immediately be followed by a meal pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Because of the short amount of timethat insulin aspart continues to be effective, a longer-acting insulin may alsobe required pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Do not change the brand of insulin aspart or syringe that you are usingwithout first talking to your doctor or pharmacist pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Some brands of insulin aspartand syringes are interchangeable, while others are not pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Your doctor and/or pharmacistknow which brands can be substituted for one another pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
What is insulin aspart?
• Insulin is a hormone naturally produced by the pancreas pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Insulin enablesthe body to use the sugar in food as a source of energy pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. When the body doesnot produce enough insulin, or when the insulin produced by the body is noteffective enough, the condition is called diabetes mellitus pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. This conditionallows sugar levels in the blood to become very high pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Diabetics must use man-madeinsulin or insulin that comes from pigs (which is very similar to human insulin)to lower these high blood sugar levels pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• There are three types of insulin, which differ in how soon they beginto work and how long their effects last pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Insulin aspart is one type of insulinthat begins to work very quickly and its effects that last for approximately3 to 5 hours pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Insulin aspart is usually used in combination with another longer-actinginsulin pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Insulin aspart may also be used for purposes other than those listedin this medication guide pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using insulin aspart?
• Do not use insulin aspart if you are allergic to insulin or if you havean intolerance of a certain insulin aspart product pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Before using insulin aspart, tell your doctor if you have kidney or liverdisease pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. You may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Insulin aspart is in the FDA pregnancy category C pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. This means that itis not known whether it will be harmful to an unborn baby pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Do not use this medicationwithout first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnantduring treatment pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• It is not known whether insulin aspart passes into breast milk pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Do notuse this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feedinga baby pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
How should I use insulin aspart?
• Use insulin aspart exactly as directed by your doctor pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. If you do notunderstand these instructions, ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist to explainthem to you pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Insulin aspart differs from regular human insulin by how quickly it beginsto work and the amount of time it continues to be effective pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Because insulinaspart begins to work soon after it is injected, the injection of insulin aspartshould immediately be followed by a meal pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Because of the short amount of timethat insulin aspart continues to be effective, a longer-acting insulin may alsobe required pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Insulin aspart is usually used immediately before a meal (a meal shouldbe started within 5 to 10 minutes after injecting the medication) pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Follow yourdoctor's instructions pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Rotate injection sites as directed by your doctor pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Usually, you shouldnot inject within 1 inch of the same site within 1 month pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Never reuse a needle or syringe pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. The syringes used must not contain anyother medicinal product or residue pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Dispose of all needles and syringes in anappropriate, puncture-resistant disposal container pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Do not change the insulin strength (e.g., U-100) or insulin type (e.g.,aspart) unless your doctor recommends a change for you pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Do not change the brand of insulin aspart or syringe that you are usingwithout first talking to your doctor or pharmacist pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Some brands of insulin andsyringes are interchangeable, while others are not pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Your doctor and/or pharmacistknow which brands can be substituted for one another pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Follow any diet and exercise plan that you have developed with your doctoror nurse pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Changes in what you eat or how much you exercise can change the amountof insulin that you need to control blood sugar levels pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Ask your doctor or nurse what to do if you are sick with a cold, flu,or fever pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. These illnesses may change your insulin requirements pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Wear some type of medical identification bracelet, necklace, or otheralert tag to inform others that you have diabetes and that you require insulinin the case of an emergency pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• To adequately control diabetes, proper foot care, eye care, dental care,and overall proper health care are necessary pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Visit your doctor, dentist, eyedoctor, and other heath care practitioners as recommended by your doctor pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Do not use any insulin that is discolored, looks thick, has particlesin it, or looks different from your previous bottles or cartridges of insulinaspart pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Store unopened bottles and cartridges of insulin aspart in the refrigeratorbetween 36 and 46 degrees Fahrenheit (2 and 8 degrees Celsius) pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Do not storeinsulin aspart in the freezer and do not allow it to freeze pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Do not use insulinaspart if it has been frozen pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Throw away any expired insulin aspart pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Vials or cartridges of insulin aspart in use can be kept unrefrigeratedat room temperature, below 86 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius), for upto 28 days but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
What happens if I miss a dose?
• Follow your doctor's directions if you miss a dose of insulin pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. To preventmissed doses, be sure to always have enough insulin on hand, especially if youare going on vacation pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
What happens if I overdose?
• Seek emergency medical attention pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Symptoms of an insulin overdose reflect very low blood sugar levels andinclude headache, irregular heartbeat, increased heart rate or pulse, sweating,tremor, nausea, increased hunger, and anxiety pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
What should I avoid while using insulin aspart?
• Do not use alcohol without first talking to your doctor pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. It lowers bloodsugar, and you may experience dangerously low blood sugar levels pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Follow any diet and exercise plan that you have developed with your doctoror nurse pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Changes in what you eat or how much you exercise can change the amountof insulin that you need to control blood sugar levels pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
What are the possible side effects of insulin aspart?
• Rarely, people have allergic reactions to insulin pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Seek emergency medicalattention if you experience an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closingof your throat; swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives) pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• The side effects of insulin therapy result mostly from blood sugar levelsthat are either too high or too low pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. You should be familiar with the symptomsof both high and low blood sugar levels and know how to treat both conditions pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Also, be sure your family and close friends know how to help you in an emergency pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Low blood sugar may occur when too much insulin is used; when meals aremissed or delayed; if you exercise more than usual; during illness, especiallywith vomiting or diarrhea; if you take other medications; after drinking alcohol;and in other situations pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, has the following symptoms: shaking,headache, cold sweats, pale, cool skin, anxiety, and difficulty concentrating pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Keep sugary candy; fruit juice; or glucose tablets on hand to treat episodesof low blood sugar pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Increased blood sugar may occur if not enough insulin is used, if youeat significantly more food then usual, if you exercise less than usual, ifyou take other medications, if you have a fever or other illness, and in othersituations pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, has the following symptoms: increasedthirst, increased hunger, and increased urination pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Monitor your blood sugar levels and ask your doctor how to adjust yourinsulin doses if your blood sugar levels are too high pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Side effects may also occur at the site of injection pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. If the area becomesthickened, hard, or pitted, talk to your doctor before injecting at that siteagain pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Talk to yourdoctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
What other drugs will affect insulin aspart?
• Many drugs can interact with insulin or affect blood sugar levels pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes. Donot take any other medicines, including prescription products or over-the-countermedicines or supplements, without first talking to your doctor or pharmacistduring treatment with insulin pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
Where can I get more information?
• Your pharmacist has additional information about insulin aspart writtenfor health professionals that you may read pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes.
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