physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis
(IN suh lin AH spart)
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What is the most important information I should know about insulin aspart?
• Know the signs and symptoms of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), whichinclude headache, drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, fast heartbeat, sweating,tremor, and nausea physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Carry a piece of candy or glucose tablets with you to treatepisodes of low blood sugar physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Follow any diet and exercise plan that you have developed with your doctoror nurse physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Changes in what you eat or how much you exercise can change the amountof insulin that you need to control blood sugar levels physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Ask your doctor or nurse what to do if you are sick with a cold, flu,or fever physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. These illnesses may change your insulin requirements physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Insulin aspart differs from regular human insulin by how quickly it beginsto work and the amount of time it continues to be effective physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Because insulinaspart begins to work soon after it is injected, the injection of insulin aspartshould immediately be followed by a meal physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Because of the short amount of timethat insulin aspart continues to be effective, a longer-acting insulin may alsobe required physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Do not change the brand of insulin aspart or syringe that you are usingwithout first talking to your doctor or pharmacist physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Some brands of insulin aspartand syringes are interchangeable, while others are not physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Your doctor and/or pharmacistknow which brands can be substituted for one another physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
What is insulin aspart?
• Insulin is a hormone naturally produced by the pancreas physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Insulin enablesthe body to use the sugar in food as a source of energy physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. When the body doesnot produce enough insulin, or when the insulin produced by the body is noteffective enough, the condition is called diabetes mellitus physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. This conditionallows sugar levels in the blood to become very high physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetics must use man-madeinsulin or insulin that comes from pigs (which is very similar to human insulin)to lower these high blood sugar levels physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• There are three types of insulin, which differ in how soon they beginto work and how long their effects last physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Insulin aspart is one type of insulinthat begins to work very quickly and its effects that last for approximately3 to 5 hours physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Insulin aspart is usually used in combination with another longer-actinginsulin physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Insulin aspart may also be used for purposes other than those listedin this medication guide physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before using insulin aspart?
• Do not use insulin aspart if you are allergic to insulin or if you havean intolerance of a certain insulin aspart product physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Before using insulin aspart, tell your doctor if you have kidney or liverdisease physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. You may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Insulin aspart is in the FDA pregnancy category C physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. This means that itis not known whether it will be harmful to an unborn baby physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Do not use this medicationwithout first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnantduring treatment physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• It is not known whether insulin aspart passes into breast milk physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Do notuse this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feedinga baby physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
How should I use insulin aspart?
• Use insulin aspart exactly as directed by your doctor physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. If you do notunderstand these instructions, ask your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist to explainthem to you physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Insulin aspart differs from regular human insulin by how quickly it beginsto work and the amount of time it continues to be effective physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Because insulinaspart begins to work soon after it is injected, the injection of insulin aspartshould immediately be followed by a meal physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Because of the short amount of timethat insulin aspart continues to be effective, a longer-acting insulin may alsobe required physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Insulin aspart is usually used immediately before a meal (a meal shouldbe started within 5 to 10 minutes after injecting the medication) physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Follow yourdoctor's instructions physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Rotate injection sites as directed by your doctor physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Usually, you shouldnot inject within 1 inch of the same site within 1 month physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Never reuse a needle or syringe physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. The syringes used must not contain anyother medicinal product or residue physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Dispose of all needles and syringes in anappropriate, puncture-resistant disposal container physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Do not change the insulin strength (e.g., U-100) or insulin type (e.g.,aspart) unless your doctor recommends a change for you physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Do not change the brand of insulin aspart or syringe that you are usingwithout first talking to your doctor or pharmacist physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Some brands of insulin andsyringes are interchangeable, while others are not physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Your doctor and/or pharmacistknow which brands can be substituted for one another physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Follow any diet and exercise plan that you have developed with your doctoror nurse physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Changes in what you eat or how much you exercise can change the amountof insulin that you need to control blood sugar levels physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Ask your doctor or nurse what to do if you are sick with a cold, flu,or fever physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. These illnesses may change your insulin requirements physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Wear some type of medical identification bracelet, necklace, or otheralert tag to inform others that you have diabetes and that you require insulinin the case of an emergency physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• To adequately control diabetes, proper foot care, eye care, dental care,and overall proper health care are necessary physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Visit your doctor, dentist, eyedoctor, and other heath care practitioners as recommended by your doctor physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Do not use any insulin that is discolored, looks thick, has particlesin it, or looks different from your previous bottles or cartridges of insulinaspart physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Store unopened bottles and cartridges of insulin aspart in the refrigeratorbetween 36 and 46 degrees Fahrenheit (2 and 8 degrees Celsius) physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Do not storeinsulin aspart in the freezer and do not allow it to freeze physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Do not use insulinaspart if it has been frozen physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Throw away any expired insulin aspart physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Vials or cartridges of insulin aspart in use can be kept unrefrigeratedat room temperature, below 86 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius), for upto 28 days but should not be exposed to excessive heat or sunlight physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
What happens if I miss a dose?
• Follow your doctor's directions if you miss a dose of insulin physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. To preventmissed doses, be sure to always have enough insulin on hand, especially if youare going on vacation physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
What happens if I overdose?
• Seek emergency medical attention physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Symptoms of an insulin overdose reflect very low blood sugar levels andinclude headache, irregular heartbeat, increased heart rate or pulse, sweating,tremor, nausea, increased hunger, and anxiety physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
What should I avoid while using insulin aspart?
• Do not use alcohol without first talking to your doctor physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. It lowers bloodsugar, and you may experience dangerously low blood sugar levels physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Follow any diet and exercise plan that you have developed with your doctoror nurse physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Changes in what you eat or how much you exercise can change the amountof insulin that you need to control blood sugar levels physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
What are the possible side effects of insulin aspart?
• Rarely, people have allergic reactions to insulin physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Seek emergency medicalattention if you experience an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closingof your throat; swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives) physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• The side effects of insulin therapy result mostly from blood sugar levelsthat are either too high or too low physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. You should be familiar with the symptomsof both high and low blood sugar levels and know how to treat both conditions physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Also, be sure your family and close friends know how to help you in an emergency physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Low blood sugar may occur when too much insulin is used; when meals aremissed or delayed; if you exercise more than usual; during illness, especiallywith vomiting or diarrhea; if you take other medications; after drinking alcohol;and in other situations physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, has the following symptoms: shaking,headache, cold sweats, pale, cool skin, anxiety, and difficulty concentrating physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Keep sugary candy; fruit juice; or glucose tablets on hand to treat episodesof low blood sugar physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Increased blood sugar may occur if not enough insulin is used, if youeat significantly more food then usual, if you exercise less than usual, ifyou take other medications, if you have a fever or other illness, and in othersituations physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, has the following symptoms: increasedthirst, increased hunger, and increased urination physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Monitor your blood sugar levels and ask your doctor how to adjust yourinsulin doses if your blood sugar levels are too high physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Side effects may also occur at the site of injection physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. If the area becomesthickened, hard, or pitted, talk to your doctor before injecting at that siteagain physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Talk to yourdoctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
What other drugs will affect insulin aspart?
• Many drugs can interact with insulin or affect blood sugar levels physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis. Donot take any other medicines, including prescription products or over-the-countermedicines or supplements, without first talking to your doctor or pharmacistduring treatment with insulin physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
Where can I get more information?
• Your pharmacist has additional information about insulin aspart writtenfor health professionals that you may read physiology of diabetic ketoacidosis.
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